Review of Related Literature

 

            When picking a career, a student should always consider a lot of things before finally deciding and take the certain job. There are a lot of factors that affects a student’s choice. Whether it was coming from them or coming from their parents. Mayer, Barbara (1992) stated that “Parents may try to design their son/daughters future. Students should help their parents realize that they are on their own, but students should still seek their parents’ advice.” 18

            There are times that the career choices were affected by the way their parents explain things to their child. In this case the parents are consistent in assisting their child Dyer, Everett D., Ph. D. (1983) alleged that “Consistency on the part of the parents helps the growing child to understand and accept the standard confusion may arise if parents vacillate from one days to the next, if the father and the mother present contradictory norms and expectations, or if one parent is strict and the other is permissive. Peck (1958) found that children whose parents were consistent in their control had stronger egos, stronger consciences, and showed a greater willingness to conform to social norms.” 6

            Berndt, Thomas J. (1997) stated that “During the second year of life, parents increase their attempts to control their children’s behavior. The gradual transition between infancy and early childhood is accompanied by gradually increasing demands for self-control. As for middle childhood brings transition to school life and a new concern with academic achievement. Most parents try to promote their children’s achievement by monitoring the children’s work and helping of. Children’s success on their schoolwork affects whether they view themselves positively or they start to believe in their inferiority.” 2

            Every student is interested at something and they depend. Interest influence the students in deciding their career. Gines, Adelaida C. et. Al. (2000) stated that “The interests of adolescents are varied. They depend upon their sex, their intelligence, the environment. In which they have had for developing their interests what their peers are interested in, their status in social group, their innate abilities, the interest, of their family and many other similar factors.” 9

            Hunt, Chester L. et. Al. (1998) pointed that “When interest of individuals conflict with those of the group, they have four alternatives. Group pressure often operates on the unconscious and unorganized level.” 11

            Choosing a career is one of the hardest things that students have to go through by making a very hard decision. Santamaria, Josefina O. (2000) stated that “if our interest do not match our job responsibilities, we have several options, we can force ourselves to like the job because we are satisfying certain needs; in other words we can give up our interests in favor or our needs.” 25

            Peers can really influence the students with the career choice because they were the ones who were always with them. Dacey, John et. Al. (1994) pointed out that “social relations gain increasing importance during the adolescent years. Friendships take on new meaning and the peer group becomes amore important source of influence.” 5

            Socialization is a factor that cannot be resisted by anyone and it could hardly affect your choice. Ritzer, George, et al. said that “Peer socialization is as effective as it is because young people spend much time in school and school-related activities, where they interact consistently with members of their age group. ” 23

            Some children look up to those adult that they wanted to be. Oakley, Ray et.al. (1978) stated that “Peers influence approaches start with the assumption that the opinions of an adolescent’s peers are significant influences on the adolescent’s behavior.” 21

            Socio-economic is one of the things that the student-parent always put in deciding for their child’s chosen career. Sanchez, Bo (2007) states that “Money isn’t the most important thing in the world. But it may affect every important thing in the world.” 24

            Schiller, Margery Kabot (1981) said that “money has traditionally been a vehicle of convenience for obtaining desired or necessary goods and services. Instead of trying to trade three chickens for a shirt, money allows us to obtain currency for the children’s which we may then use to purchase a shirt” 27

            Lamzon, Pebra L. (2010) added that “How do we make two ends meet? What can you do with conditions in life that hinder you from your goal? For some, it makes them anxious about their struggles ahead. For others, it keeps their adrenalin on the ride. But more often than not, financial difficulties pose as one very important concern in achieving one’s dream.” 15

            Teens behavior has a great influence on the career choice. Butler, Gillian (1998) pointed out that “Behaving thoughtlessly, not stopping to think being unreasonable or illogical and being unable to express are falling to which everyone is susceptible.” 3

            Rench, Janice E. (1992) noted that “Self-esteem is a word used to describe how and what we think and feel about ourselves. These thoughts and feelings stem from the experiences and relationships that we have from the time we are babies to the present.”22

            Erlbach, Arlene (2003) mentioned that “If you’re like most kids. People your own age are key to your existence. Some kids rate as best buddies. You can’t live without them. You tell them our deepest, darkest secrets.” 7

            Role Models helps children establish a motivation for achieving success. Masiog, Crispin C. (1992) stated that “In formal education the teacher is the central influence on the students in h classroom.” 17

            Newman, Philip (1983) affirmed that “role models who show children how things are done or who express satisfaction in their own achievement also help children establish a motive for achieving success.” 20

            Hunt, Chester L. et. Al. (1998) said that “in the Filipino family, the father exercises authority, with the advice and consent of the mother. Although he projects the image of a strong disciplinarian and final decision maker.” 12

            Curiosity has a great influence on the career choice. Every student is interested at something. It became a curiosity and eventually became a foundation of what career should a student choose. Severson, Donald W. (1978) pointed that “Opening self-exploration of difficulties in career decision making, intermediate internalizing or owning of others problem.” 28

            Out of curiosity student learn something whether it’s right or wrong. Greene, Rebecca (2001) noted that “You’ll learn about setting goals and getting experiences.” 10

            Limpingco, Delia et. al. (1999) stated that “Al children start with life with feelings of inferiority since they are completely dependent on adults for survival. This feeling of being weak, inferior and impotent stimulate an intense desire to seek power, thereby overcoming the feelings of inferiority” 16

            Others opinion influence the students in choosing his/her career choice. Students are asking for advices on what they should pick for their lifetime career. Sheddon, Pamela Shires (1999) stated that “All the influences on our body image we find a complex mix of factor and although the greatest influences may be measured from the outside.” 29

            Kong, Francis J. Et. Al. (2004) advised to “Help our kids achieve their dreams. Encourage them to sharpen their skills and talents. Help them develop their interest in life. The worst thing that parents can do is to live out their frustrated dreams through their kids.” 14

            Mejorada, Alvin G. et. al. (2013) stated that “negative pressure can overpower you only if you allow it to do so. You still possess the supreme power. You just have to be brave enough to stand up for what you believe in. Let your peer group know their boundaries, never allow others to dissuade you from what you believe is right.” 19

            Gender is also a dominant influence in choosing a career because some people are being discriminated because they aren’t fit for the career. Vega, Violeta A. et al. (2009) pointed out that “Gender refers to the different ways men and women play in society and to the relative power they wield. While gender is expressed differently in different societies, no society does men and women perform equal or hold equal position.” 30

            Jeffries, Vincent, et al. (1980) concluded that “With ethnic discrimination, an important distinction can be made between individual and institutional discrimination, an important Employers who discriminate against women because they believe women to be unfit for job engage in individual discrimination.” 13

            Chrisler, Joan C. et. Al. (2010) pointed that Gender segregation in field of study and careers may be particularly difficult to change because it appears to be based less on beliefs about gender equality than beliefs about innate gender differences in abilities and interests.” 4

            Motivation has a great influence on career choice of students. Motivation to fulfil a student’s dream is important because it can tell them if they can continue in a particular job they chose. Acuna, Jasmine Espiritu, et. al. (1981) avowed that “There are at least five sets of goals that we may call basic needs. We are motivated by the desire to achieve or maintain various conditions upon which these basic satisfactions rest and by certain more intellectual desires.” 1

            Santrock, John W. (1997) concurred that “when you are motivated, you do something. The way you felt your motions can either strengthen or weaken you motivations. For Lance Armstrong, motivation and emotion played a significant role in his recovery and accomplishments.” 26

            Geiwitz, James (1980) affirmed that, “By manipulating subjects’ perceptions of the reasons for success or failure in a task, researchers have been able to affect motivation and performance.” 8